Ingress

简要概述

Ingress 是对集群中服务的外部访问进行管理的 API 对象,典型的访问方式是 HTTP。

它不会公开任意端口或协议,一般只将 HTTP 和 HTTPS 以外的服务公开到网络时,如果是其他协议服务,使用 Service.Type=NodePort 或 Service.Type=LoadBalancer 类型的 Service

这里基于 k8s-1.22 版本,数据结构代码路径:

staging/src/k8s.io/api/extensions/v1beta1/types.go
staging/src/k8s.io/api/networking/v1/types.go
staging/src/k8s.io/api/networking/v1beta1/types.go

所以该版本 Ingress 资源可使用三种 apiVersion 风格:

  • 接口版本1
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
  • 接口版本2
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
  • 接口版本3
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress

配置示例

  • 接口版本1
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: demo-test-v1
spec:
  rules:
  - host: "demo-test-v1.biz-dev-uptime.a-demo-web.site"
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: demo-test-v1
          servicePort: 10080
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix
  • 接口版本2
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: demo-test-v1
spec:
  rules:
  - host: "demo-test-v1.biz-dev-uptime.a-demo-web.site"
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: demo-test-v1
          servicePort: 10080
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix
  • 接口版本3
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: demo-test-v1
spec:
  rules:
  - host: "demo-test-v1.biz-dev-uptime.a-demo-web.site"
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: demo-test-v1
            port:
              number: 10080
        path: /
        pathType: Prefix

接口版本 networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 相比 extensions/v1beta1 新增以下类型:IngressClassSpec、IngressClassParametersReference、IngressClassNamespacedParams、IngressClassList;而 networking.k8s.io/v1 中的 IngressBackend 类型发生了变化。

数据结构

extensions/v1beta1

// Ingress is a collection of rules that allow inbound connections to reach the
// endpoints defined by a backend. An Ingress can be configured to give services
// externally-reachable urls, load balance traffic, terminate SSL, offer name
// based virtual hosting etc.
// DEPRECATED - This group version of Ingress is deprecated by networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 Ingress. See the release notes for more information.
type Ingress struct {
	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
	// Standard object's metadata.
	// More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata
	// +optional
	metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	// Spec is the desired state of the Ingress.
	// More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status
	// +optional
	Spec IngressSpec `json:"spec,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=spec"`

	// Status is the current state of the Ingress.
	// More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status
	// +optional
	Status IngressStatus `json:"status,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=status"`
}

// IngressSpec describes the Ingress the user wishes to exist.
type IngressSpec struct {
	// IngressClassName is the name of the IngressClass cluster resource. The
	// associated IngressClass defines which controller will implement the
	// resource. This replaces the deprecated `kubernetes.io/ingress.class`
	// annotation. For backwards compatibility, when that annotation is set, it
	// must be given precedence over this field. The controller may emit a
	// warning if the field and annotation have different values.
	// Implementations of this API should ignore Ingresses without a class
	// specified. An IngressClass resource may be marked as default, which can
	// be used to set a default value for this field. For more information,
	// refer to the IngressClass documentation.
	// +optional
	IngressClassName *string `json:"ingressClassName,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=ingressClassName"`

	// A default backend capable of servicing requests that don't match any
	// rule. At least one of 'backend' or 'rules' must be specified. This field
	// is optional to allow the loadbalancer controller or defaulting logic to
	// specify a global default.
	// +optional
	Backend *IngressBackend `json:"backend,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=backend"`

	// TLS configuration. Currently the Ingress only supports a single TLS
	// port, 443. If multiple members of this list specify different hosts, they
	// will be multiplexed on the same port according to the hostname specified
	// through the SNI TLS extension, if the ingress controller fulfilling the
	// ingress supports SNI.
	// +optional
	TLS []IngressTLS `json:"tls,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=tls"`

	// A list of host rules used to configure the Ingress. If unspecified, or
	// no rule matches, all traffic is sent to the default backend.
	// +optional
	Rules []IngressRule `json:"rules,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=rules"`
	// TODO: Add the ability to specify load-balancer IP through claims
}

// IngressTLS describes the transport layer security associated with an Ingress.
type IngressTLS struct {
	// Hosts are a list of hosts included in the TLS certificate. The values in
	// this list must match the name/s used in the tlsSecret. Defaults to the
	// wildcard host setting for the loadbalancer controller fulfilling this
	// Ingress, if left unspecified.
	// +optional
	Hosts []string `json:"hosts,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=hosts"`
	// SecretName is the name of the secret used to terminate SSL traffic on 443.
	// Field is left optional to allow SSL routing based on SNI hostname alone.
	// If the SNI host in a listener conflicts with the "Host" header field used
	// by an IngressRule, the SNI host is used for termination and value of the
	// Host header is used for routing.
	// +optional
	SecretName string `json:"secretName,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=secretName"`
	// TODO: Consider specifying different modes of termination, protocols etc.
}

// IngressRule represents the rules mapping the paths under a specified host to
// the related backend services. Incoming requests are first evaluated for a host
// match, then routed to the backend associated with the matching IngressRuleValue.
type IngressRule struct {
	// Host is the fully qualified domain name of a network host, as defined by RFC 3986.
	// Note the following deviations from the "host" part of the
	// URI as defined in RFC 3986:
	// 1. IPs are not allowed. Currently an IngressRuleValue can only apply to
	//    the IP in the Spec of the parent Ingress.
	// 2. The `:` delimiter is not respected because ports are not allowed.
	//	  Currently the port of an Ingress is implicitly :80 for http and
	//	  :443 for https.
	// Both these may change in the future.
	// Incoming requests are matched against the host before the
	// IngressRuleValue. If the host is unspecified, the Ingress routes all
	// traffic based on the specified IngressRuleValue.
	//
	// Host can be "precise" which is a domain name without the terminating dot of
	// a network host (e.g. "foo.bar.com") or "wildcard", which is a domain name
	// prefixed with a single wildcard label (e.g. "*.foo.com").
	// The wildcard character '*' must appear by itself as the first DNS label and
	// matches only a single label. You cannot have a wildcard label by itself (e.g. Host == "*").
	// Requests will be matched against the Host field in the following way:
	// 1. If Host is precise, the request matches this rule if the http host header is equal to Host.
	// 2. If Host is a wildcard, then the request matches this rule if the http host header
	// is to equal to the suffix (removing the first label) of the wildcard rule.
	// +optional
	Host string `json:"host,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=host"`
	// IngressRuleValue represents a rule to route requests for this IngressRule.
	// If unspecified, the rule defaults to a http catch-all. Whether that sends
	// just traffic matching the host to the default backend or all traffic to the
	// default backend, is left to the controller fulfilling the Ingress. Http is
	// currently the only supported IngressRuleValue.
	// +optional
	IngressRuleValue `json:",inline,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=ingressRuleValue"`
}

// IngressRuleValue represents a rule to apply against incoming requests. If the
// rule is satisfied, the request is routed to the specified backend. Currently
// mixing different types of rules in a single Ingress is disallowed, so exactly
// one of the following must be set.
type IngressRuleValue struct {
	//TODO:
	// 1. Consider renaming this resource and the associated rules so they
	// aren't tied to Ingress. They can be used to route intra-cluster traffic.
	// 2. Consider adding fields for ingress-type specific global options
	// usable by a loadbalancer, like http keep-alive.

	// http is a list of http selectors pointing to backends.
	// A path is matched against the path of an incoming request. Currently it can
	// contain characters disallowed from the conventional "path" part of a URL
	// as defined by RFC 3986. Paths must begin with a '/'.
	// A backend defines the referenced service endpoint to which the traffic
	// will be forwarded to.
	HTTP *HTTPIngressRuleValue `json:"http,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=http"`
}

// HTTPIngressRuleValue is a list of http selectors pointing to backends.
// In the example: http://<host>/<path>?<searchpart> -> backend where
// where parts of the url correspond to RFC 3986, this resource will be used
// to match against everything after the last '/' and before the first '?'
// or '#'.
type HTTPIngressRuleValue struct {
	// A collection of paths that map requests to backends.
	Paths []HTTPIngressPath `json:"paths" protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=paths"`
	// TODO: Consider adding fields for ingress-type specific global
	// options usable by a loadbalancer, like http keep-alive.
}

// PathType represents the type of path referred to by a HTTPIngressPath.
type PathType string

const (
	// PathTypeExact matches the URL path exactly and with case sensitivity.
	PathTypeExact = PathType("Exact")

	// PathTypePrefix matches based on a URL path prefix split by '/'. Matching
	// is case sensitive and done on a path element by element basis. A path
	// element refers to the list of labels in the path split by the '/'
	// separator. A request is a match for path p if every p is an element-wise
	// prefix of p of the request path. Note that if the last element of the
	// path is a substring of the last element in request path, it is not a
	// match (e.g. /foo/bar matches /foo/bar/baz, but does not match
	// /foo/barbaz). If multiple matching paths exist in an Ingress spec, the
	// longest matching path is given priority.
	// Examples:
	// - /foo/bar does not match requests to /foo/barbaz
	// - /foo/bar matches request to /foo/bar and /foo/bar/baz
	// - /foo and /foo/ both match requests to /foo and /foo/. If both paths are
	//   present in an Ingress spec, the longest matching path (/foo/) is given
	//   priority.
	PathTypePrefix = PathType("Prefix")

	// PathTypeImplementationSpecific matching is up to the IngressClass.
	// Implementations can treat this as a separate PathType or treat it
	// identically to Prefix or Exact path types.
	PathTypeImplementationSpecific = PathType("ImplementationSpecific")
)

// HTTPIngressPath associates a path with a backend. Incoming urls matching the
// path are forwarded to the backend.
type HTTPIngressPath struct {
	// Path is matched against the path of an incoming request. Currently it can
	// contain characters disallowed from the conventional "path" part of a URL
	// as defined by RFC 3986. Paths must begin with a '/'. When unspecified,
	// all paths from incoming requests are matched.
	// +optional
	Path string `json:"path,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=path"`

	// PathType determines the interpretation of the Path matching. PathType can
	// be one of the following values:
	// * Exact: Matches the URL path exactly.
	// * Prefix: Matches based on a URL path prefix split by '/'. Matching is
	//   done on a path element by element basis. A path element refers is the
	//   list of labels in the path split by the '/' separator. A request is a
	//   match for path p if every p is an element-wise prefix of p of the
	//   request path. Note that if the last element of the path is a substring
	//   of the last element in request path, it is not a match (e.g. /foo/bar
	//   matches /foo/bar/baz, but does not match /foo/barbaz).
	// * ImplementationSpecific: Interpretation of the Path matching is up to
	//   the IngressClass. Implementations can treat this as a separate PathType
	//   or treat it identically to Prefix or Exact path types.
	// Implementations are required to support all path types.
	// Defaults to ImplementationSpecific.
	PathType *PathType `json:"pathType,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=pathType"`

	// Backend defines the referenced service endpoint to which the traffic
	// will be forwarded to.
	Backend IngressBackend `json:"backend" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=backend"`
}

// IngressStatus describe the current state of the Ingress.
type IngressStatus struct {
	// LoadBalancer contains the current status of the load-balancer.
	// +optional
	LoadBalancer v1.LoadBalancerStatus `json:"loadBalancer,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=loadBalancer"`
}

// IngressBackend describes all endpoints for a given service and port.
type IngressBackend struct {
	// Specifies the name of the referenced service.
	// +optional
	ServiceName string `json:"serviceName,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=serviceName"`

	// Specifies the port of the referenced service.
	// +optional
	ServicePort intstr.IntOrString `json:"servicePort,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=servicePort"`

	// Resource is an ObjectRef to another Kubernetes resource in the namespace
	// of the Ingress object. If resource is specified, serviceName and servicePort
	// must not be specified.
	// +optional
	Resource *v1.TypedLocalObjectReference `json:"resource,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=resource"`
}

networking.k8s.io/v1beta1

相比 extensions/v1beta1 新增以下类型

// IngressClass represents the class of the Ingress, referenced by the Ingress
// Spec. The `ingressclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class` annotation can be
// used to indicate that an IngressClass should be considered default. When a
// single IngressClass resource has this annotation set to true, new Ingress
// resources without a class specified will be assigned this default class.
type IngressClass struct {
	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
	// Standard object's metadata.
	// More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata
	// +optional
	metav1.ObjectMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	// Spec is the desired state of the IngressClass.
	// More info: https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status
	// +optional
	Spec IngressClassSpec `json:"spec,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=spec"`
}

// IngressClassSpec provides information about the class of an Ingress.
type IngressClassSpec struct {
	// Controller refers to the name of the controller that should handle this
	// class. This allows for different "flavors" that are controlled by the
	// same controller. For example, you may have different Parameters for the
	// same implementing controller. This should be specified as a
	// domain-prefixed path no more than 250 characters in length, e.g.
	// "acme.io/ingress-controller". This field is immutable.
	Controller string `json:"controller,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=controller"`

	// Parameters is a link to a custom resource containing additional
	// configuration for the controller. This is optional if the controller does
	// not require extra parameters.
	// +optional
	Parameters *IngressClassParametersReference `json:"parameters,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=parameters"`
}

const (
	// IngressClassParametersReferenceScopeNamespace indicates that the
	// referenced Parameters resource is namespace-scoped.
	IngressClassParametersReferenceScopeNamespace = "Namespace"
	// IngressClassParametersReferenceScopeNamespace indicates that the
	// referenced Parameters resource is cluster-scoped.
	IngressClassParametersReferenceScopeCluster = "Cluster"
)

// IngressClassParametersReference identifies an API object. This can be used
// to specify a cluster or namespace-scoped resource.
type IngressClassParametersReference struct {
	// APIGroup is the group for the resource being referenced. If APIGroup is
	// not specified, the specified Kind must be in the core API group. For any
	// other third-party types, APIGroup is required.
	// +optional
	APIGroup *string `json:"apiGroup,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=aPIGroup"`
	// Kind is the type of resource being referenced.
	Kind string `json:"kind" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=kind"`
	// Name is the name of resource being referenced.
	Name string `json:"name" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=name"`
	// Scope represents if this refers to a cluster or namespace scoped resource.
	// This may be set to "Cluster" (default) or "Namespace".
	// Field can be enabled with IngressClassNamespacedParams feature gate.
	// +optional
	// +featureGate=IngressClassNamespacedParams
	Scope *string `json:"scope" protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=scope"`
	// Namespace is the namespace of the resource being referenced. This field is
	// required when scope is set to "Namespace" and must be unset when scope is set to
	// "Cluster".
	// +optional
	// +featureGate=IngressClassNamespacedParams
	Namespace *string `json:"namespace,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=namespace"`
}

// +k8s:deepcopy-gen:interfaces=k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime.Object
// +k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:introduced=1.18
// +k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:deprecated=1.19
// +k8s:prerelease-lifecycle-gen:replacement=networking.k8s.io,v1,IngressClassList

// IngressClassList is a collection of IngressClasses.
type IngressClassList struct {
	metav1.TypeMeta `json:",inline"`
	// Standard list metadata.
	// +optional
	metav1.ListMeta `json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=metadata"`

	// Items is the list of IngressClasses.
	Items []IngressClass `json:"items" protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=items"`
}

networking.k8s.io/v1

数据结构相比 networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 接口版本没有变化,但是其中 IngressBackend 类型与 extensions/v1beta1、networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 接口版本做了变更。

// IngressBackend describes all endpoints for a given service and port.
type IngressBackend struct {
	// Service references a Service as a Backend.
	// This is a mutually exclusive setting with "Resource".
	// +optional
	Service *IngressServiceBackend `json:"service,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=service"`

	// Resource is an ObjectRef to another Kubernetes resource in the namespace
	// of the Ingress object. If resource is specified, a service.Name and
	// service.Port must not be specified.
	// This is a mutually exclusive setting with "Service".
	// +optional
	Resource *v1.TypedLocalObjectReference `json:"resource,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=resource"`
}

// IngressServiceBackend references a Kubernetes Service as a Backend.
type IngressServiceBackend struct {
	// Name is the referenced service. The service must exist in
	// the same namespace as the Ingress object.
	Name string `json:"name" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name"`

	// Port of the referenced service. A port name or port number
	// is required for a IngressServiceBackend.
	Port ServiceBackendPort `json:"port,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=port"`
}

// ServiceBackendPort is the service port being referenced.
type ServiceBackendPort struct {
	// Name is the name of the port on the Service.
	// This is a mutually exclusive setting with "Number".
	// +optional
	Name string `json:"name,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name"`

	// Number is the numerical port number (e.g. 80) on the Service.
	// This is a mutually exclusive setting with "Name".
	// +optional
	Number int32 `json:"number,omitempty" protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=number"`
}



最后修改 2023.01.28: feat: 整理下目录顺序 (e5691ea)